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Salisbury is a historic city located in central Rowan County, North Carolina, with a rich past shaped by early settlement, transportation, industry, and civic life. Established in the mid-18th century, Salisbury is one of North Carolina's oldest cities and has long served as a regional center for commerce, government, and culture.

Before European settlement, the area was inhabited by Native American tribes, including the Saura, who utilized the region's fertile land and nearby waterways. European settlers arrived in the 1750s, and Salisbury was formally established in 1753. Its strategic location along major trading routes contributed to its early growth as a market town serving surrounding agricultural communities.

During the colonial period and early years of the United States, Salisbury developed as an important political and commercial center. It became the county seat of Rowan County and was home to early government buildings, schools, and churches. The city gained prominence as a hub for legal, educational, and religious institutions, attracting professionals and merchants.

The Revolutionary War era brought both opportunity and hardship. Salisbury supported the Patriot cause and played a role in supplying troops and materials. Following independence, the city continued to expand, benefiting from increased trade and settlement across western North Carolina.

The 19th century marked a period of significant development. The arrival of the railroad transformed Salisbury into a major transportation hub, linking it to Charlotte, Greensboro, and other key cities. Rail access spurred industrial growth, including textile mills, foundries, and manufacturing operations. Warehouses and commercial districts expanded, and residential neighborhoods grew around the city center.

The Civil War affected Salisbury deeply. The city was the site of a Confederate prison, which brought hardship and long-lasting historical significance. After the war, Salisbury entered a period of recovery and modernization, rebuilding its economy and infrastructure during Reconstruction.

In the late 19th and early 20th centuries, Salisbury experienced steady growth fueled by manufacturing, trade, and agriculture. The city became known for its diverse economy and vibrant downtown. Educational institutions expanded, and public services such as utilities and transportation improved.

The Great Depression slowed economic progress, but Salisbury endured through industrial resilience and federal infrastructure projects. World War II brought renewed activity, as local industries supported the war effort and residents served in the military. The postwar years ushered in suburban expansion, healthcare development, and modernization of public facilities.

In the latter half of the 20th century, Salisbury faced economic shifts as manufacturing declined. The city adapted by diversifying into healthcare, education, logistics, and service industries. Historic preservation efforts helped maintain the character of its downtown and older neighborhoods.

Today, Salisbury blends historic significance with modern growth. Its downtown reflects centuries of civic life, while surrounding areas support residential and commercial development. Salisbury's history is defined by resilience, adaptability, and its enduring role as a regional center in central North Carolina.